; Rhabdomyolysis has many causes. INTRODUCTION. The information and other content provided here, or in any linked materials, are not intended and should not be construed as medical advice, nor is the information a substitute for professional medical expertise or treatment. Nursing Care Planning & Goals. Symptoms usually develop at higher levels, 6.5 mEq/L to 7 mEq/L, but

Wound care 1. by Ferdyan nur mahendra. Supplement to Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice. Probably the only thing stopping me from failing first year medical exams.

AJOG's Editors have active research programs and, on occasion, publish work in the Journal. Tissue destruction results from coagulation, protein denaturation, or ionization of cellular components. NSAIDs are contraindicated in patients with the following conditions: Patients with hemophilia NSAIDs have anti-platelet effects that can exacerbate the bleeding tendencies and may be fatal for these patients.

; Rhabdomyolysis has many causes. The National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) is the nations only professional association for pediatric-focused advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) dedicated to improving the quality of health care for infants, children, adolescents and young adults. Nursing Management. Self-digestion of the pancreas caused by its own proteolytic enzymes, particularly trypsin, causes acute pancreatitis. Medications can cause muscle injury and rhabdomyolysis. Fluid and electrolyte balance is a dynamic process that is crucial for life and homeostasis. The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician.JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency Kee, J. We go in depth into the pathophysiology, etiology & everything else you need to know. Heart failure results from a variety of cardiovascular conditions, Hyperkalemia. ; Electrolytes in body fluids are active chemicals or cations that carry positive charges and anions that carry negative

Ventricular fibrillation results in cardiac arrest with loss of consciousness and no pulse. Pathophysiology. This website is absolutely fantastic and amazing thank you so much! Pathophysiology. Editor/authors are masked to the peer review process and editorial decision-making of their own work and are not able to access this work

Yes, all nursing students and even nurses are very much familiar with this line.

Side effects of this medication may include dry cough, hyperkalemia and fatigue.

Pathophysiology. Representing more than 8,000 healthcare practitioners with 18 special interest groups Hyperkalemia due to decreased excretion, metabolic acidosis, catabolism, and excessive intake (diet, medications, fluids).

This condition results from specific strains of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci called nephrogenic streptococci. It refers to the scope of nursing practice as defined in Republic Act 9173 C. It is a license issued by the Professional Regulation Commission to protect the public from substandard nursing practice D. The Standards of Care includes the various steps of the nursing process and the standards of professional performance It is due to disorganized electrical activity. Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia Nursing Interventions: Rationales: Assess the patients readiness to learn, misconceptions, and blocks to learning To provide information on hyperkalemia and its pathophysiology in the simplest way possible.

Rhabdomyolysis can cause muscle pain and weakness. Myocardial Infarction Pathophysiology, Studies and Treatments.

Orringer CE, Eustace JC, Wunsch CD, Gardner LB.

Hypertension Pathophysiology nursing Cardiac output and peripheral resistance.

Summarize the pathophysiology of essential hypertension and its pathological sequelae on organ systems throughout the body. There are many diseases that cause chronic renal disease; each has its own pathophysiology. Writing a Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Kidney Disease 02.02 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney (Renal) Disease (CKD) Nursing Care Plans.

; Electrolytes in body fluids are active chemicals or cations that carry positive charges and anions that carry negative

Heart failure results from a variety of cardiovascular conditions, Hyperkalemia. Kee, J. Arieff AI, Graf H. Pathophysiology of type A hypoxic lactic acidosis in dogs.

This is followed by death in the absence of treatment. Am J Physiol 1987; 253:E271. It refers to the scope of nursing practice as defined in Republic Act 9173 C. It is a license issued by the Professional Regulation Commission to protect the public from substandard nursing practice D. The Standards of Care includes the various steps of the nursing process and the standards of professional performance Medications can cause muscle injury and rhabdomyolysis.

Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is an abnormal heart rhythm in which the ventricles of the heart quiver. Fluid occupies almost 60% of the weight of an adult. N Engl J Med 1977; 297:796. Nursing Management. ; Previous NSAID or salicylate hypersensitivity any previous hypersensitivity to medication is a contraindication for repeated use of the said medication. Yes, all nursing students and even nurses are very much familiar with this line.

Pathophysiology. Nursing Management. Based on the assessment data, appropriate nursing diagnoses for a patient with ARF include: Electrolyte imbalance related to increased potassium levels. Side effects of this medication may include dry cough, hyperkalemia and fatigue. Thank you very much for the great work understanding ECG's has never been easier after grasping the pathophysiology, reading ECG's has always been intimidating, now it has become fun!

Nursing Diagnosis.

Nursing (Nursing-D-N3) Christian World View (CWV-101) Nursing LVN (VN 200) Programming Fundamentals (CS 1101) Pathophysiology (NURS 3320) Introduction to Economics (ECON 1580) Fundamentals of diverse learners (D096) Introduction to Humanities (C100) Biology (BIOL 1409) Global Dimensions in BUSINESS (INT 220) Biological Evolution (GEOS 13900) Nursing (Nursing-D-N3) Christian World View (CWV-101) Nursing LVN (VN 200) Programming Fundamentals (CS 1101) Pathophysiology (NURS 3320) Introduction to Economics (ECON 1580) Fundamentals of diverse learners (D096) Introduction to Humanities (C100) Biology (BIOL 1409) Global Dimensions in BUSINESS (INT 220) Biological Evolution (GEOS 13900) WARNING: These cheat sheets may provide general information about health and related subjects. Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia Nursing Interventions: Rationales: Assess the patients readiness to learn, misconceptions, and blocks to learning To provide information on hyperkalemia and its pathophysiology in the simplest way possible.

This is followed by death in the absence of treatment. ; Rhabdomyolysis has many causes. It causes a sudden onset of the appearance of red blood cell (RBC) casts and blood cells, a variable amount of proteinuria, LDH:Elevates within 824 hr, peaks within 72144 hr, and may take as long as 14 days to return to normal.An LDH 1 greater than LDH 2 (flipped ratio) helps confirm/diagnose MI if Pathophysiology. Some of the knowledge of pathophysiology that is essential to this nursing responsibility includes both cognitive and psychomotor knowledge. However, there are common mechanisms for disease progression.

Nursing Diagnosis. Pathophysiology. There are many diseases that cause chronic renal disease; each has its own pathophysiology.

Resuscitation is the process of correcting physiological disorders (such as lack of breathing or heartbeat) in an acutely ill patient. Educate the patient about hyperkalemia. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content.

Thank you very much for the great work understanding ECG's has never been easier after grasping the pathophysiology, reading ECG's has always been intimidating, now it has become fun! Check out our free nursing diagnosis & care plan for DKA. Hyperkalemia, which occurs in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Addisons disease, and kidney failure. Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries.Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one Cardiac enzymes and isoenzymes: CPK-MB(isoenzyme in cardiac muscle): Elevates within 48 hr, peaks in 1220 hr, returns to normal in 4872 hr. Download Free PDF Download PDF Download Free PDF View PDF.

As consistent with other abnormal client changes, nurses apply a knowledge of pathophysiology in terms of the interventions that are employed in response to the client's abnormal hemodynamics. Natural history of lactic acidosis after grand-mal seizures. Rhabdomyolysis can cause muscle pain and weakness.

Symptoms usually develop at higher levels, 6.5 mEq/L to 7 mEq/L, but The normal level of plasma potassium is 3,8 5,1 mmol/l.

It causes a sudden onset of the appearance of red blood cell (RBC) casts and blood cells, a variable amount of proteinuria, Hypokalemia, which results from increased potassium loss in severe diarrhea and vomiting. Potassium levels below 3,0 mmol/l cause significant Q-T interval prolongation with subsequent risk of torsade des pointes, ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. This nursing case study course is designed to help nursing students build critical thinking. Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is an abnormal heart rhythm in which the ventricles of the heart quiver. The nephritic syndrome is a clinical syndrome that presents as hematuria, elevated blood pressure, decreased urine output, and edema. Although hypokalemia can be transiently induced by the entry of potassium into the cells, most cases result from unreplenished gastrointestinal or urinary losses due, for example, to vomiting, diarrhea, or diuretic therapy []. Ventricular fibrillation results in cardiac arrest with loss of consciousness and no pulse.

Pathophysiology. ; Blood levels of muscle enzymes, including CPK, SGOT, SGPT, and LDH, as well as It is an important part of intensive care medicine, trauma surgery and emergency medicine.Well known examples are cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.. Variables This page contains the most important nursing lecture notes, practice exam and nursing care plans to get more familiar about Acute Renal Failure in nursing. Immediately after burn injury hyperkalemia results from massive cell destruction.

Potassium replacement is primarily indicated when hypokalemia is due to potassium (1999).

Kidney (Renal) failure (acute or chronic) occurs when the kidneys no longer function well and the end stage of kidney failure. Self-digestion of the pancreas caused by its own proteolytic enzymes, particularly trypsin, causes acute pancreatitis. Blood Tests. Hyperkalemia may occur with the use of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or spironolactone. Non-pharmacological management of

B.

Nursing Care Planning & Goals.

Cardiac enzymes and isoenzymes: CPK-MB(isoenzyme in cardiac muscle): Elevates within 48 hr, peaks in 1220 hr, returns to normal in 4872 hr. ; Electrolytes in body fluids are active chemicals or cations that carry positive charges and anions that carry negative

Myocardial Infarction Pathophysiology, Studies and Treatments.

Hyperkalemia may occur with the use of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or spironolactone. So, a drop in sodium and hyperkalemia, those are really important to try and monitor, so that we can prevent those issues.

Wound care 1. by Ferdyan nur mahendra. This page contains the most important nursing lecture notes, practice exam and nursing care plans to get more familiar about Acute Renal Failure in nursing. Resuscitation is the process of correcting physiological disorders (such as lack of breathing or heartbeat) in an acutely ill patient.

Pathophysiology.

However, there are common mechanisms for disease progression. A model for the study of an anion-gap acidosis not associated with hyperkalemia. Non-pharmacological management of Resuscitation is the process of correcting physiological disorders (such as lack of breathing or heartbeat) in an acutely ill patient. The referenced panic value for hyperkalemia is 7 mEq/L, 1 but you should notify the physician for treatment orders at levels above 5.3 A better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease leads to improved decision making and patient education. Probably the only thing stopping me from failing first year medical exams. Diagnostic Studies. Blood Tests. Nursing Diagnosis. Editor/authors are masked to the peer review process and editorial decision-making of their own work and are not able to access this work

Hypermagnesemia and hyperphosphatemia can also occur from increased concentrations of magnesium and phosphate, respectively.

B. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. Hypermagnesemia and hyperphosphatemia can also occur from increased concentrations of magnesium and phosphate, respectively.

LDH:Elevates within 824 hr, peaks within 72144 hr, and may take as long as 14 days to return to normal.An LDH 1 greater than LDH 2 (flipped ratio) helps confirm/diagnose MI if 02.02 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney (Renal) Disease (CKD) Nursing Case Studies. Download Free PDF Download PDF Download Free PDF View PDF.

Orringer CE, Eustace JC, Wunsch CD, Gardner LB. Hypokalemia, which results from increased potassium loss in severe diarrhea and vomiting.

Potassium replacement is primarily indicated when hypokalemia is due to potassium loss, and

02.02 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney (Renal) Disease (CKD) Nursing Case Studies.

Based on the assessment data, appropriate nursing diagnoses for a patient with ARF include: Electrolyte imbalance related to increased potassium levels. However, there are common mechanisms for disease progression. The normal level of plasma potassium is 3,8 5,1 mmol/l. Summarize the pathophysiology of essential hypertension and its pathological sequelae on organ systems throughout the body. The National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) is the nations only professional association for pediatric-focused advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) dedicated to improving the quality of health care for infants, children, adolescents and young adults. Am J Physiol 1987; 253:E271. Plasma osmolality plays a critical role in the pathophysiology and treatment of sodium disorders. This nursing case study course is designed to help nursing students build critical thinking.

(See "Causes of hypokalemia in adults".). Main Article: 6 Acute Renal Failure Nursing Care Plans. One concept that they have trouble memorizing are the cranial nerves. oliguria (less than 500 ml of urine in 24 hours); hyperkalemia; and sodium retention.

Despite advances in the treatment of HF, morbidity and mortality remains high. To update your cookie settings, please visit the Cookie Preference Center for this site.

Pathophysiology. It causes a sudden onset of the appearance of red blood cell (RBC) casts and blood cells, a variable amount of proteinuria, Self-digestion of the pancreas caused by its own proteolytic enzymes, particularly trypsin, causes acute pancreatitis. A model for the study of an anion-gap acidosis not associated with hyperkalemia.

Based on the assessment data, appropriate nursing diagnoses for a patient with ARF include: Electrolyte imbalance related to increased potassium levels.

Hyperkalemia. Supplement to Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice. Hyperkalemia.

Tissue destruction results from coagulation, protein denaturation, or ionization of cellular components. (1999). It is due to disorganized electrical activity. Educate the patient about hyperkalemia. - USA . It is an important part of intensive care medicine, trauma surgery and emergency medicine.Well known examples are cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.. Variables

by nirian solano.

Representing more than 8,000 healthcare practitioners with 18 special interest groups Plasma osmolality plays a critical role in the pathophysiology and treatment of sodium disorders.

Natural history of lactic acidosis after grand-mal seizures.

Nursing Care Planning & Goals.

Choose lower potassium foods to avoid hyperkalemia caused by excess potassium retention. Download Free PDF Download PDF Download Free PDF View PDF. Editor/authors are masked to the peer review process and editorial decision-making of their own work and are not able to access this work Causes of acute and chronic kidney failure include The deviations to both extremes (hypo- and hyperkalemia) are related to the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.

Inform him/her the target range for serum potassium levels.

Am J Physiol 1987; 253:E271. Download Free PDF Download PDF Download Free PDF View PDF. So, a drop in sodium and hyperkalemia, those are really important to try and monitor, so that we can prevent those issues. The deviations to both extremes (hypo- and hyperkalemia) are related to the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Hypertension Pathophysiology nursing Cardiac output and peripheral resistance. To update your cookie settings, please visit the Cookie Preference Center for this site. WARNING: These cheat sheets may provide general information about health and related subjects. Choose lower potassium foods to avoid hyperkalemia caused by excess potassium retention. oliguria (less than 500 ml of urine in 24 hours); hyperkalemia; and sodium retention. As consistent with other abnormal client changes, nurses apply a knowledge of pathophysiology in terms of the interventions that are employed in response to the client's abnormal hemodynamics.

Potassium levels below 3,0 mmol/l cause significant Q-T interval prolongation with subsequent risk of torsade des pointes, ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death.

Kee, J. Plasma osmolality plays a critical role in the pathophysiology and treatment of sodium disorders. Hypermagnesemia and hyperphosphatemia can also occur from increased concentrations of magnesium and phosphate, respectively.

Hyperkalemia, which occurs in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Addisons disease, and kidney failure. The patient receiving this group drug has the risk of developing hyperkalemia, so serum potassium concentration should be regularly monitored. Diagnostic Studies. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is characterized by rapid deterioration of kidney functions due to an inflammatory response (type III hypersensitivity reaction) following streptococcal infection. The major underlying pathology is inflammation of the glomerulus that results in nephritic syndrome. Info: 3602 words (14 pages) Nursing Essay Published: 11th Feb 2020.

The disease affects the B. Although hypokalemia can be transiently induced by the entry of potassium into the cells, most cases result from unreplenished gastrointestinal or urinary losses due, for example, to vomiting, diarrhea, or diuretic therapy []. by nirian solano. Download Free PDF Download PDF Download Free PDF View PDF. We go in depth into the pathophysiology, etiology & everything else you need to know. Potassium levels below 3,0 mmol/l cause significant Q-T interval prolongation with subsequent risk of torsade des pointes, ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Arieff AI, Graf H. Pathophysiology of type A hypoxic lactic acidosis in dogs. Potassium replacement is primarily indicated when hypokalemia is due to potassium Immediately after burn injury hyperkalemia results from massive cell destruction. Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal, usually greater than 5.0 mEq/L to 5.5 mEq/L. Download Free PDF Download PDF Download Free PDF View PDF. Hyperkalemia, which occurs in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Addisons disease, and kidney failure. Some of the knowledge of pathophysiology that is essential to this nursing responsibility includes both cognitive and psychomotor knowledge. The National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) is the nations only professional association for pediatric-focused advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) dedicated to improving the quality of health care for infants, children, adolescents and young adults.

Yes, all nursing students and even nurses are very much familiar with this line. Medical Cheat Sheets.

The major underlying pathology is inflammation of the glomerulus that results in nephritic syndrome.

(1999). Although hypokalemia can be transiently induced by the entry of potassium into the cells, most cases result from unreplenished gastrointestinal or urinary losses due, for example, to vomiting, diarrhea, or diuretic therapy []. Non-pharmacological management of

The information and other content provided here, or in any linked materials, are not intended and should not be construed as medical advice, nor is the information a substitute for professional medical expertise or treatment. Orringer CE, Eustace JC, Wunsch CD, Gardner LB.

The information and other content provided here, or in any linked materials, are not intended and should not be construed as medical advice, nor is the information a substitute for professional medical expertise or treatment. Immediately after burn injury hyperkalemia results from massive cell destruction.

Symptoms usually develop at higher levels, 6.5 mEq/L to 7 mEq/L, but N Engl J Med 1977; 297:796. Risk for deficient volume related to increased in urine output.

Rhabdomyolysis can cause muscle pain and weakness.

Cardiac enzymes and isoenzymes: CPK-MB(isoenzyme in cardiac muscle): Elevates within 48 hr, peaks in 1220 hr, returns to normal in 4872 hr.

Check out our free nursing diagnosis & care plan for DKA. Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries.Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one

This website is absolutely fantastic and amazing thank you so much! Check out our free nursing diagnosis & care plan for DKA. INTRODUCTION.

One concept that they have trouble memorizing are the cranial nerves. While mild hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic, high levels of potassium may cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, or paralysis. Pathophysiology. This condition results from specific strains of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci called nephrogenic streptococci. Nursing Management. Despite advances in the treatment of HF, morbidity and mortality remains high.

Even when reviewing for the quarterly and board exams, student nurses complain of having so much to memorize. The deviations to both extremes (hypo- and hyperkalemia) are related to the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.

Educate the patient about hyperkalemia.

N Engl J Med 1977; 297:796.

Hyperkalemia due to decreased excretion, metabolic acidosis, catabolism, and excessive intake (diet, medications, fluids). Main Article: 6 Acute Renal Failure Nursing Care Plans. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is characterized by rapid deterioration of kidney functions due to an inflammatory response (type III hypersensitivity reaction) following streptococcal infection.

Fluid and electrolyte balance is a dynamic process that is crucial for life and homeostasis. Some people have symptoms of kidney failure while others do not; however whey they do occur they include shortness of breath, generalized swelling, and congestive heart failure. Nursing Management. INTRODUCTION. - USA . One concept that they have trouble memorizing are the cranial nerves.

Info: 3602 words (14 pages) Nursing Essay Published: 11th Feb 2020.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician.JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency Writing a Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Kidney Disease 02.02 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney (Renal) Disease (CKD) Nursing Care Plans. ; Blood levels of muscle enzymes, including CPK, SGOT, SGPT, and LDH, as well as

- USA .

Ventricular fibrillation is initially found in about 10% of people with cardiac arrest. Nursing Management.

Nursing Management. This website is absolutely fantastic and amazing thank you so much! The referenced panic value for hyperkalemia is 7 mEq/L, 1 but you should notify the physician for treatment orders at levels above 5.3 A better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease leads to improved decision making and patient education. Causes of acute and chronic kidney failure include

Causes of acute and chronic kidney failure include Inform him/her the target range for serum potassium levels. LDH:Elevates within 824 hr, peaks within 72144 hr, and may take as long as 14 days to return to normal.An LDH 1 greater than LDH 2 (flipped ratio) helps confirm/diagnose MI if

Info: 3602 words (14 pages) Nursing Essay Published: 11th Feb 2020. Even when reviewing for the quarterly and board exams, student nurses complain of having so much to memorize. Tissue destruction results from coagulation, protein denaturation, or ionization of cellular components.

Rhabdomyolysis is the rapid destruction of skeletal muscle resulting in leakage into the urine of the muscle protein myoglobin.

Pathophysiology.

Summarize the pathophysiology of essential hypertension and its pathological sequelae on organ systems throughout the body. Some people have symptoms of kidney failure while others do not; however whey they do occur they include shortness of breath, generalized swelling, and congestive heart failure. Kidney (Renal) failure (acute or chronic) occurs when the kidneys no longer function well and the end stage of kidney failure. The patient receiving this group drug has the risk of developing hyperkalemia, so serum potassium concentration should be regularly monitored.

Probably the only thing stopping me from failing first year medical exams. Fluid occupies almost 60% of the weight of an adult. Medications can cause muscle injury and rhabdomyolysis. The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician.JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency Fluid occupies almost 60% of the weight of an adult. Diagnostic Studies.

We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. A model for the study of an anion-gap acidosis not associated with hyperkalemia. This is followed by death in the absence of treatment. Hypokalemia, which results from increased potassium loss in severe diarrhea and vomiting. Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries.Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one While mild hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic, high levels of potassium may cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, or paralysis.

Risk for deficient volume related to increased in urine output. The nephritic syndrome is a clinical syndrome that presents as hematuria, elevated blood pressure, decreased urine output, and edema.

The major underlying pathology is inflammation of the glomerulus that results in nephritic syndrome. 02.02 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney (Renal) Disease (CKD) Nursing Case Studies. ; Body fluid is located in two fluid compartments: the intracellular space and the extracellular space. Hypertension Pathophysiology nursing Cardiac output and peripheral resistance. Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia Nursing Interventions: Rationales: Assess the patients readiness to learn, misconceptions, and blocks to learning To provide information on hyperkalemia and its pathophysiology in the simplest way possible.